Achyranthes
Bidentata
Ingredients
Achyranthes Bidentata contains a variety of chemicals
such as triterpenoid saponins, sitosterol (synonymous
with ‘beta-sitosterol’- which is actually
a super-charged combination of beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol,
campesterol and brassicasterol), polysaccharides
and alkaloids, rubrosterone, etc.
Research
Effect of alcoholic extract of Achyranthes bidentata
Blume on acute and sub-acute inflammation, Indian Journal
of Pharmacology 34, 2, 115-118. Vetrichelvan, T and M.
Jegadeesan (2000b)
Achyranthes bidentata possesses anti-inflammatory
effects in both acute and sub acute inflammation. The alcoholic extract (375 and 500 mg/kg) showed
maximum inhibition of oedema by 63.52% and 79.73% at the
end of 3 h in acute model of inflammation, respectively.
The research on analgestic and anti-inflammatory
action of different processed products of Achyranthes
bidentata. Lu T, Mao C, Zhang L, Xu W. Zhong Yao Cai.
1997 Oct;20(10):507-9. [Article in Chinese] Nanjin University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjin 210029.
Analgestic effect of different processed products of Achyranthes
bidentata in mice was observed in hot plate and acetic
acid induced writhing test. The experiment results showed
that water extract of Achyranthes bidentata and its processed
products could inhibit the pain. Effect of Achyranthes
bidentata polysaccharides (ABP) on antitumor activity
and immune function of S180-bearing mice. Zhon ghua Zhong
Liu Za Zhi. 1995 Jul;17(4):275-8.
Yu S, Zhang Y. Department of Macrobiology, Shanghai University
of TCM.
Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABP), extracted
from the root of Achyranthes bidentata Blume, 25-100mg.kg-1.d-1
x 7 could inhibit tumor growth by 31%-40%.
Alisma Plantago
Ingredients
Alisma Plantago contains chemicals such as Alisol A,Alisol
B, and Alisol C, aliso A monoacetate, alisol B monoacetate,
alisol C monoacetate,Alismol,Epialisol A, 24- acetyl alisol
A, 23-acetyl alisol B, 23- acetyl alisol C,Tricosane;
Stearic acid; Glyceryl-1-stearate; Daucosterol-6'-O-stearate;
Alisol B monoacetate; Emodin; Alisol C monoacetate.
Research
An experimental study of effect of different extracts
of Alisma orientalis on urinary calcium oxalate stones
formation in rats: Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2003 Nov;28(11):1072-5.Cao
ZG, Liu JH, Radman AM, Wu JZ, Ying CP, Zhou SW.Department
of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, Hubei,
China.
The ethyl acetate elution of ethyl acetate fraction extract
of Alisma orientalis can significantly inhibit urinary
calcium oxalate stone formation in rats and be the
most effective constituent of Alisma orientalis.
The effects of the active constituents of Alisma
orientalis on renal stone formation and bikunin expression
in rat urolithiasis model: Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2004
Aug 2;84(15):1276-9.Cao ZG, Liu JH, Zhou SW, Wu W, Yin
CP, Wu JZ.Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji
Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,
Wuhan 430030, China.
The active constituents of Alisma orientalis can down-regulate
the bikunin mRNA expression, decrease the calcium
oxalate formation in rat kidney, and inhibit
the renal stone formation in rat
urolithiasis model.
Alisol B acetate, a triterpene from Alismatis
rhizoma, induces Bax nuclear translocation and apoptosis
in human hormone-resistant prostate cancer PC-3 cells.
cancer Lett. 2006 Jan 18;231(2):270-8.Huang YT, Huang
DM, Chueh SC, Teng CM, Guh JH.Pharmacological Institute,
College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1,
Jen-AiRoad, Sect. 1, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
The anti-tumor potential of components from Chinese herbal
medicines has been greatly concerned. Alisol B acetate,
a triterpene from Alismatis rhizoma, induced apoptotic
cell death in human hormone-resistant prostate cancer
PC-3 cells in a time-and concentration-dependent
manner.
He Shou Wu
Ingredients
The herb contains nine compounds including emodin, chrysophanol,
rhein, 6-OH-emodin, emodin-8-_-d-glucoside, polygonimitin
B, 2,3,5,4_-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-_-d-glucoside, gallic
acid and lecithin. The herb contains several derivatives
of tetrahydroxystilbene that are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
compounds investigated for their effects on neurons. The
red wine component resveratrol is a similar compound;
it is a trihydroxystilbene. An abundant natural source
of resveratrol, fo-ti or he-shou-wu is grown commercially
in China for production of resveratrol in dietary supplements.
Resveratrol is a polyphenol found in such foods as peanuts,
grapes (and consequently, wine), and mulberries. Resveratrol
acts as a potent estrogen antagonist (while
also acting as an agonist in some tissues, similar to
the drugs clomiphene and tamoxifen). Resveratrol is
the potent anti-aging compound found in red wine and tha
thas been found to cut a man's risk of prostate cancer
in half! Not only that but the protective effect
appears to be strongest against the most aggressive forms
of the disease, according to a new study led by
investigators at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.
The findings, by Janet L. Stanford, Ph.D., and colleagues
in Fred Hutchinson's Public Health Sciences Division,
appear online in The International Journal of Cancer.
-As an antioxidant, it helps sweep dangerous, cancer-causing
free radicals from the body.
-The compound also reduces cell proliferation, curtailing
the number of cell divisions that could lead to cancer
or the continued growth of cancer cells.
-It also enhances apoptosis, or programmed cell death,
which helps rid the body of cancerous cells.
-It may act as an estrogen, reducing levels of circulating
male hormones such as DHT that fuel the growth of prostate
cancer.
Studies with resveratrol indicate that this polyphenol
inhibits the activity of aromatase in breast cancer cells,
a particularly important fact considering aromatase is
expressed at a higher level in breast cancer tissue than
in surrounding healthy tissue. In fact, resveratrol
inhibits the conversion of estrogen and decreases the
synthesis of the aromatase enzyme, thus indicating
that it may support the health of individuals concerned
about breast cancer.
Sarkar FH, Li Y. Indole-3-carbinol and prostate
cancer. J Nutr. 2004 Dec;134(12 Suppl):3493S-3498S.
Research indicates that resveratrol also is effective
at preventing several stages of carcinogenesis. It
decreases tumor initiation, promotion, and progression,
and induces apoptosis in many types of cancer cells.Eng
ET, Williams D, Mandava U, Kirma N, Tekmal RR, Chen S.
Anti-aromatase chemicals in red wine. Ann N Y Acad Sci.
2002 Jun;963:239-46.Research
Resveratrol Suppresses Prostate Cancer Progression In
Transgenic Mice
Curt E. Harper1, Brijesh B. Patel1, Jun Wang1, Alireza
Arabshahi1, Isam A. Eltoum2,3 and Coral A. Lamartiniere1,2,*
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,Alabama
2 UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama
at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
3 Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Alabama
To whom requests for reprints should be addressed: Dr.
Coral A. Lamartiniere, University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1670 University
Blvd., Volker Hall 124, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019. Email:
Coral@uab.edu.
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic phytochemical, has
been reported to act as an antioxidant and provide anti-cancer
activities. We hypothesized that resveratrol would exert
a chemopreventive effect against prostate cancer via regulation
of sex steroid receptor and growth factor signaling pathways.
In the current study, Transgenic Adenocarcinoma Mouse
Prostate (TRAMP) males were fed resveratrol (625 mg resveratrol/kg
AIN-76A diet) or phytoestrogen-free, control diet (AIN-76A)
starting at five weeks of age. Mechanisms of action and
histopathology studies were conducted at 12 and 28 weeks
of age, respectively. Resveratrol in the diet significantly
reduced the incidence of poorly differentiated prostatic
adenocarcinoma by 7.7-fold. In the dorsolateral prostate
(DLP), resveratrol significantly inhibited cell proliferation,
increased androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor-ß
(ER-ß), and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor
(IGF-1R), and significantly decreased IGF-1, and phospho-extracellular
regulating kinase 1 (phospho-ERK 1). In the ventral prostate
(VP), resveratrol significantly reduced cell proliferation
and phospho-ERKs 1 and 2, but did not significantly alter
IGF-1R and IGF-1. Serum total testosterone, free testosterone,
estradiol, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and sex hormone
binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations and SV-40 Tag expression
in the prostate were not altered in resveratrol-treated
mice. Total resveratrol concentration in the blood serum
of 12 week old mice treated for three weeks with 625 mg
resveratrol/kg diet was 52 ± 18 nM. The decrease
in cell proliferation and the potent growth factor, IGF-1,
the down-regulation of downstream effectors, phospho-ERKs
1 and 2, and the increase in the putative tumor suppressor,
ER-ß, provide a biochemical basis for resveratrol
suppressing prostate cancer development.
Received October 25, 2006; revised June 11, 2007; accepted
June 11, 2007. |